What is a Digital Product Passport (DPP)?

A Digital Product Passport (DPP) is a structured digital record containing sustainability, compliance, and lifecycle information about a physical product, mandated by the European Union under the ESPR regulation.

Legal Basis

The Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), published as EU 2024/1781 in June 2024, replaces the older Ecodesign Directive and mandates Digital Product Passports for nearly all physical goods sold in the EU market.

Required Data Fields

Category	Data Fields
Product ID	GTIN, model number, manufacturer, unique serialization
Materials	Bill of materials, substances of concern, critical raw materials
Manufacturing	Country of origin, facility identifier, production date
Environmental	Carbon footprint, energy consumption, water usage
Circularity	Repairability score, spare parts, disassembly instructions
Compliance	CE marking, EU Declaration of Conformity, test reports
End-of-life	Recycling instructions, hazardous material handling

Data Carrier (QR Code)

Each product must carry a QR code or data carrier following the GS1 Digital Link standard, linking to a publicly accessible DPP page available in multiple EU languages.

Implementation Timeline

February 2027 — Battery passports mandatory (EU 2023/1542)
Mid 2027 — Textile DPPs expected
2028 — Electronics DPPs expected
2030+ — Near-universal coverage

Obligated Economic Operators

Any entity that manufactures, imports, or places physical products on the EU market:

Manufacturers and brands (primary responsibility)
Importers and authorised representatives
E-commerce sellers (Shopify, WooCommerce, Amazon)
Online marketplaces (shared responsibility under ESPR)

Official References

ESPR: Regulation (EU) 2024/1781
Battery Regulation: Regulation (EU) 2023/1542